Neurodiversity and spirituality
As an autistic person, I have a keen interest in the unique spiritual experiences of neurodivergent (ND) people. The neurodiversity movement first started in the 1990s as a way to view autism and other ND profiles through a more positive, less pathologizing/medicalizing lens. We are now better able to see the gifts and goodness in all neurotypes, rather than seeing ND traits as deficiencies or pathologies.
I’d like to offer a few thoughts on how ND people often experience spirituality in a unique way. These are by no means universal traits, as every ND person is unique, of course.
Sensory Differences
ND people often experience differences in sensory processing compared to others. Often, we are more sensitive to the information received by our senses. We often talk about the struggles that can result from sensory overload. These are real. They can impact our overall emotional health in myriad ways. Also, this ongoing sense of being overwhelmed by the world around us can impact us spiritually. We can begin to feel that we are not a “fit” for the world around us, a common theme among many ND people.
There are also gifts to our sensory differences. Many of us have sensory sensitivities that may almost seem to be psychic. Autistic people have been known to hear radio waves, read a person’s energy or “aura,” and more. These are not actually extrasensory perceptions, of course, but understudied sensory perceptions. Even the heightened five senses ND people often experience can be gifts. Our sensory perceptions allow us to experience the world in a more immediate and connected way. In my experience, this only supports the experience of feeling intimately connected to all things. It can even lead to more unitive experiences in our lives.
Empathy
There is a misconception that autistic people in particular lack empathy. This is not true. Autistic people may have difficulty interpreting the emotional experience of another (cognitive empathy), but we “feel with” others (affective empathy) as much or even sometimes more than NT people. We also tend to experience more affective empathy for animals or even “inanimate” objects. This can also lead to greater connection to others and the world around us. This is true, despite the social isolation and exclusion that comes with being ND.
Social Exclusion
One of the most difficult experiences of being ND can be the social isolation and exclusion that may hound us all our lives. We don’t often follow seemingly arbitrary social protocols, and, especially in childhood and adolescence, can lead to many painful experiences of rejection and not fitting in. This can be very traumatic for many or most ND people. Sadly, spiritual or religious communities are not immune to providing such experiences.
While spiritual direction is not the place to treat trauma, as it is not psychotherapy, it can be a help in exploring one’s personal experiences with exclusion and how it impacts our relationship with ourselves, others, and with Spirit. Strengthening one’s connection with Life is a holy and healing experience for our souls.
Deep Connection to Nature
Many neurodivergent individuals find a profound sense of connection to nature. This bond can be a source of spiritual solace and inspiration. The natural world provides a sensory-rich environment that can be both grounding and awe-inspiring. The rustling of leaves, the chirping of birds, and the feel of the earth beneath one's feet can evoke a deep sense of peace and belonging. For some ND individuals, this connection to nature can be more than just a pleasant experience; it can be a vital component of their spiritual life, offering a sanctuary away from the overwhelming sensory input of urban settings.
Ritual and Routine
Rituals and routines play a significant role in many spiritual traditions, providing structure and predictability. For neurodivergent people, these aspects can be particularly comforting and spiritually nourishing. The repetitive and predictable nature of rituals can create a safe space where ND individuals feel in control and at peace. Additionally, the personal rituals that ND people create, often misunderstood by others, can have profound spiritual significance. These self-made rituals can serve as a way to connect with the divine, ground oneself, and bring meaning to everyday actions.
Intense Focus and Special Interests
Neurodivergent individuals often have the ability to focus intensely on subjects that interest them, known as special interests. These interests can become a pathway to spirituality, providing a deep sense of purpose and connection. Engaging deeply with a special interest can be a meditative practice, fostering a state of flow where one feels deeply connected to the present moment. This intense focus can also lead to a unique form of expertise and wisdom in certain areas, which can be a source of spiritual fulfillment and a way to contribute meaningfully to the world.
Creativity and Spiritual Expression
Creativity is another area where ND individuals often shine. The unique ways in which ND people perceive and interact with the world can result in extraordinary creative expression. This creativity can be a powerful spiritual tool, allowing ND individuals to express their innermost thoughts and feelings in ways that transcend conventional communication. Art, music, writing, and other forms of creative expression can become sacred practices, offering a way to connect with the divine, explore inner landscapes, and share their spiritual journey with others.
Autonomy and Personal Spirituality
Neurodivergent individuals often develop a strong sense of autonomy in their spiritual practices. Due to social exclusion or a lack of fit within traditional religious communities, many ND people cultivate a deeply personal spirituality. This autonomy allows for a tailored spiritual path that resonates deeply with their unique experiences and needs. Personal spirituality can involve a blend of practices from different traditions, personal rituals, and a direct, unmediated relationship with the divine. This individual approach to spirituality can be profoundly empowering and affirming.
The Role of Spiritual Direction
Given the unique spiritual experiences of neurodivergent individuals, spiritual direction can be an invaluable support. A compassionate and understanding spiritual director can help ND people navigate their spiritual journey, validate their experiences, and explore new ways of connecting with the divine. Spiritual direction provides a safe space to discuss spiritual struggles and triumphs, and to develop a deeper understanding of one's spiritual path. For ND individuals, having a spiritual companion who honors their neurodivergence can make a significant difference in their spiritual well-being.
Conclusion
The spiritual experiences of neurodivergent people are as varied and unique as the individuals themselves. Sensory differences, deep empathy, social exclusion, a connection to nature, unique rituals, intense focus, creative expression, and a strong sense of autonomy all contribute to a rich and diverse tapestry of spiritual life. By recognizing and honoring these unique experiences, we can create more inclusive and supportive spiritual communities where everyone can thrive.
In embracing the spiritual gifts and challenges of neurodivergent individuals, we enrich not only their lives but also the spiritual fabric of our communities. Through understanding and inclusion, we can move toward a world where all neurotypes are seen and valued for their unique contributions to the spiritual journey.
